# （转）LaTex 简明教程

``````% All comment lines start with %
% There are no multi-line comments

% LaTeX is NOT a "What You See Is What You Get" word processing software like
% MS Word, or OpenOffice Writer

% Every LaTeX command starts with a backslash ()

% LaTeX documents start with a defining the type of document it's compiling
% Other document types include book, report, presentations, etc.
% The options for the document appear in the [] brackets. In this case
% it specifies we want to use 12pt font.
documentclass[12pt]{article}

% Next we define the packages the document uses.
% If you want to include graphics, colored text, or
% source code from another language file into your document,
% you need to enhance the capabilities of LaTeX. This is done by adding packages.
% I'm going to include the float and caption packages for figures
% and hyperref package for hyperlinks
usepackage{caption}
usepackage{float}
usepackage{hyperref}

% We can define some other document properties too!
author{Chaitanya Krishna Ande, Colton Kohnke, Sricharan Chiruvolu & \
Svetlana Golubeva}
date{today}
title{Learn LaTeX hspace{1pt} in Y Minutes!}

% Now we're ready to begin the document
% Everything before this line is called "The Preamble"
begin{document}
% if we set the author, date, title fields, we can have LaTeX
% create a title page for us.
maketitle

% document twice to make it appear in right order.
% It is a good practice to separate the table of contents form the body of the
% document. To do so we use newpage command
newpage
tableofcontents

newpage

% Most research papers have abstract, you can use the predefined commands for this.
% This should appear in its logical order, therefore, after the top matter,
% but before the main sections of the body.
% This command is available in the document classes article and report.
begin{abstract}
LaTeX hspace{1pt} documentation written as LaTeX! How novel and totally not
my idea!
end{abstract}

% Section commands are intuitive.
section{Introduction}
Hello, my name is Colton and together we're going to explore LaTeX!

section{Another section}
This is the text for another section. I think it needs a subsection.

subsection{This is a subsection} % Subsections are also intuitive.
I think we need another one

subsubsection{Pythagoras}
Much better now.
label{subsec:pythagoras}

% By using the asterisk we can suppress LaTeX's inbuilt numbering.
% This works for other LaTeX commands as well.
section*{This is an unnumbered section}
However not all sections have to be numbered!

section{Some Text notes}
LaTeX hspace{1pt} is generally pretty good about placing text where it should
go. If
a line \ needs \ to \ break \ you add textbackslashtextbackslash
hspace{1pt} to the source code. \

section{Lists}
Lists are one of the easiest things to create in LaTeX! I need to go shopping
tomorrow, so let's make a grocery list.
begin{enumerate} % This creates an "enumerate" environment.
% item tells the enumerate to increment
item 27 watermelon.
item A single jackrabbit.
% we can even override the item number by using []
item[how many?] Medium sized squirt guns.

Not a list item, but still part of the enumerate.

end{enumerate} % All environments must have an end.

section{Math}

One of the primary uses for LaTeX hspace{1pt} is to produce academic articles
or technical papers. Usually in the realm of math and science. As such,
we need to be able to add special symbols to our paper! \

Math has many symbols, far beyond what you can find on a keyboard;
Set and relation symbols, arrows, operators, and Greek letters to name a few.\

Sets and relations play a vital role in many mathematical research papers.
Here's how you state all x that belong to X, \$forall\$ x \$in\$ X. \
% Notice how I needed to add \$ signs before and after the symbols. This is
% because when writing, we are in text-mode.
% However, the math symbols only exist in math-mode.
% We can enter math-mode from text mode with the \$ signs.
% The opposite also holds true. Variable can also be rendered in math-mode.
% We can also enter math mode with []

[a^2 + b^2 = c^2 ]

My favorite Greek letter is \$xi\$. I also like \$beta\$, \$gamma\$ and \$sigma\$.
I haven't found a Greek letter yet that LaTeX hspace{1pt} doesn't know

Operators are essential parts of a mathematical document:
trigonometric functions (\$sin\$, \$cos\$, \$tan\$),
logarithms and exponentials (\$log\$, \$exp\$),
limits (\$lim\$), etc.
have per-defined LaTeX commands.
Let's write an equation to see how it's done:
\$cos(2theta) = cos^{2}(theta) - sin^{2}(theta)\$ \

Fractions (Numerator-denominators) can be written in these forms:

% 10 / 7
\$\$ ^{10}/_{7} \$\$

% Relatively complex fractions can be written as
% frac{numerator}{denominator}
\$\$ frac{n!}{k!(n - k)!} \$\$ \

We can also insert equations in an ``equation environment''.

% Display math with the equation 'environment'
begin{equation} % enters math-mode
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
label{eq:pythagoras} % for referencing
end{equation} % all begin statements must have an end statement

We can then reference our new equation!
Eqn.~ref{eq:pythagoras} is also known as the Pythagoras Theorem which is also
the subject of Sec.~ref{subsec:pythagoras}. A lot of things can be labeled:
figures, equations, sections, etc.

Summations and Integrals are written with sum and int commands:

% Some LaTeX compilers will complain if there are blank lines
% In an equation environment.
begin{equation}
sum_{i=0}^{5} f_{i}
end{equation}
begin{equation}
int_{0}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} mathrm{d}x
end{equation}

section{Figures}

Let's insert a Figure. Figure placement can get a little tricky.
I definitely have to lookup the placement options each time.

begin{figure}[H] % H here denoted the placement option.
centering % centers the figure on the page
% Inserts a figure scaled to 0.8 the width of the page.
%includegraphics[width=0.8linewidth]{right-triangle.png}
caption{Right triangle with sides \$a\$, \$b\$, \$c\$}
label{fig:right-triangle}
end{figure}

subsection{Table}
We can also insert Tables in the same way as figures.

begin{table}[H]
caption{Caption for the Table.}
% the {} arguments below describe how each row of the table is drawn.
% Again, I have to look these up. Each. And. Every. Time.
begin{tabular}{c|cc}
Number &  Last Name & First Name \ % Column rows are separated by &
hline % a horizontal line
1 & Biggus & Dickus \
2 & Monty & Python
end{tabular}
end{table}

section{Getting LaTeX hspace{1pt} to not compile something (i.e. Source Code)}
Let's say we want to include some code into our LaTeX hspace{1pt} document,
we would then need LaTeX hspace{1pt} to not try and interpret that text and
instead just print it to the document. We do this with a verbatim
environment.

% There are other packages that exist (i.e. minty, lstlisting, etc.)
% but verbatim is the bare-bones basic one.
begin{verbatim}
print("Hello World!")
a%b; % look! We can use % signs in verbatim.
random = 4; #decided by fair random dice roll
end{verbatim}

section{Compiling}

By now you're probably wondering how to compile this fabulous document
and look at the glorious glory that is a LaTeX hspace{1pt} pdf.
(yes, this document actually does compile). \
Getting to the final document using LaTeX hspace{1pt} consists of the following
steps:
begin{enumerate}
item Write the document in plain text (the ``source code'').
item Compile source code to produce a pdf.
The compilation step looks like this (in Linux): \
begin{verbatim}
> pdflatex learn-latex.tex
end{verbatim}
end{enumerate}

A number of LaTeX hspace{1pt}editors combine both Step 1 and Step 2 in the
same piece of software. So, you get to see Step 1, but not Step 2 completely.
Step 2 is still happening behind the scenesfootnote{In cases, where you use
references (like Eqn.~ref{eq:pythagoras}), you may need to run Step 2
multiple times, to generate an intermediary *.aux file.}.

You write all your formatting information in plain text in Step 1.
The compilation part in Step 2 takes care of producing the document in the
format you defined in Step 1.

We can also insert hyperlinks in our document. To do so we need to include the
package hyperref into preamble with the command:
begin{verbatim}
usepackage{hyperref}
end{verbatim}

There exists two main types of links: visible URL \
url{https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/latex/}, or
% You can not add extra-spaces or special symbols into shadowing text since it
% will cause mistakes during the compilation

This package also produces list of thumbnails in the output pdf document and

section{End}

That's all for now!

% Most often, you would want to have a references section in your document.
% The easiest way to set this up would be by using the bibliography section
begin{thebibliography}{1}
% similar to other lists, the bibitem command can be used to list items
% each entry can then be cited directly in the body of the text
bibitem{latexwiki} The amazing LaTeX hspace{1pt} wikibook: {em
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX
bibitem{latextutorial} An actual tutorial: {em http://www.latex-tutorial.com}
end{thebibliography}

% end the document
end{document}``````

## More on LaTeX

1. The amazing LaTeX wikibook: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX
2. An actual tutorial: http://www.latex-tutorial.com/

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